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ا a, the first letter of the Arabic, Persian, and Urdū alphabets. Its pronunciation depends on the vowel which accompanies it; e.g. ا with fatḥa (اَ)=the Devanāgarī अ = the English a, as in cedar (or =the English u in fun); ا with kasra (اِ)=the Devanāgarī इ=the English i, as in fin; ا with ẓamma (اُ)=the Devanāgarī उ=the English u, as in bull.—ا with fatḥa, followed by ا, (i.e. اَا, which is usually written آ)=the Devanāgarī आ=the English ā, as in father; ا with fatḥa, followed by the letter و, (i.e. اَو)=the Devanāgarī औ=the English au (sounded like ou in house); ا with fatḥa, followed by the letter ي, (i.e. اَي),=the Devanāgarī ऐ=the English ai, as in aisle.—ا with ẓamma, followed by the letter و, (i.e. اُو),=1˚, the Devanāgarī ऊ=the English u, as in rule (or=the oo in pool), and, 2˚, =the Devanāgarī ओ=the English o, as in pole.—ا with kasra, followed by ي, (i.e. اِي), = 1˚, the Devanāgarī ई=the English ī, as in caprice; and, 2˚, =the Devanāgarī ए=the French e, as in fête.
ا is used,— 1˚ (arithmetically, according to the Abjad, q.v.) for the number one. 2˚ (for अ, in Almanacks and Astrology) for Sunday, and Aries. 3˚ (for अ) as a name of the god Vishnu. 4˚ as an inseparable prefix to a word beginning with a consonant, to signify negation or privation: e.g. aśuddha, 'impure,' 'incorrect.' As in Greek, a becomes an before a vowel; e.g. ananta, 'without end,' 'endless.' اب अब ab, prob. formed by analogy after jab, tab, c. q.v.
H اب अब ab, (prob. formed by analogy after jab, tab, &c. q.v.), adv. Now, presently, just now, now-a-days, a little while ago, recently.—ab-bhī, adv. Even now, yet, as yet, still.—ab-tab, adv. Now and then, presently, very shortly:—ab-tab karna, To put off continually, to delay; to evade, shuffle:—ab-tab hona, To be in a dying state, to be at the point of death.—ab-tak and ab-talak, adv. Up to the present time, till now; as yet, hitherto; all this time.—ab-taʼīṅ, ab-torī, ab-toṛī, ab-teṅ = ab-tak, q.v.—ab-se, adv. From this time, henceforth, henceforward, in future, hence:—ab-se dūr, Far be it from us! Heaven preserve us! Avaunt! (The phrase is generally used—especially by women—to deprecate the recurrence of a past misfortune).—ab-kā, adj. (f. -kī). Of the present; for the present; this, the present; the next, the following, the coming; new, fresh:—ab-ke, adv. This time, the next time:—ab-kībār, Idem.—ab-lag, ab-loṅ, ab-le, ab-leṅ, adv.=ab-tak, q.v.—ab-na-tab, adv. Neither now nor then; neither here (on earth) nor in the world to come; nowhere; never.—ab-hī, adv. Just now, this very moment, instantly, immediately; already.
اب ab originally ابو
A اب ab (originally ابو), s.m. Father. (Rare.)
اب इब ib
S اب इब ib [S. इव iva], adv. Thus, as, in like manner.
آب āb
P آب āb [Old P. āw, Pehl. āp, Zend ap, S. -अप्] s.m. Water; water or lustre (in gems); temper (of steel, &c.); edge or sharpness (of a sword, &c.); sparkle, lustre; splendour; elegance; dignity, honour, character, reputation.—āb-āb honā, To be drenched with perspiration; to be thoroughly ashamed or abashed; to blush.—īb-utarnā, To lose lustre or polish, become dull; to rade; to lose honour, be disgraced.—āb-bigaṛnā = āb utarnā.—āb-i-bārān, s.m. Rain-water.—āb-bāzī, s.f. Play or sport in water; swimming.—āb-i-basta, s.m. Ice; glass.—āb-pāshī, s.f. Sprinkling water; watering fields, &c.; irrigation.—āb-tāb (and āb o tāb), s.f. Brightness, brilliance, lustre, splendour; dignity, grandeur, majesty, glory, pomp:—āb o tāb denā (-ko), To impart lustre (to); to glorify, praise, honour.—āb-tāba, s.m. An ewer with a spout, a jug.—āb-i-jārī, s.m. Running water, stream, rivulet; tears running down the cheeks.—āb jānā = āb utarnā, q.v.—āb-i-ioë, s.m. Water of a rivulet.—āb-jo, s.f. Rivulet, steamlet.—āb-josh, s.m. Juice of cooked meat, broth, soup, gravy.—āb ćaṛhānā (-par), To cause lustre to come (upon), to give brightness (to), to make bright, burnish, polish; to temper (steel, &c.); to whet, sharpen (a sword, &c.).—āb-i-ćashm, s.m. Water of the eyes, tears.—āb-ćashī, s.f. Giving an infant water to drink for the first time (generally when about six months old) preparatory to weaning.—āb-i-haram, s.m. Unclean or forbiddea water; wine; hypocritical tears.—āb-i-ḥasrat, s.m. Water of desire; wish, louging, appetite.—āb-i-ḥayāt, s.m. Water of life; immortality; fountain of life; a fabulous fountain (said to be veiled in obscurity); inspired knowledge (=āb-i-ḵẖiẓr); clear, cold, sweet water; drinking water used by a king.—āb-i-ḥaiwān, s.m.=āb-i-haiyāt, q.v.—āb-ḵẖāna, s.m. Place where drinking water is kept, repository of water; reservoir.—āb-ḵẖāst, s.m. Melon, cucumber.—āb-i-ḵẖiẓr, s.m. Water of life, &c.; inspired knowledge (see āb-i-haiyāt, and also ḵẖiẓr).—āb-ḵẖur and āb-ḵẖurd, s.m. Drinking; meat and drink (=āb-dāna and dānā-pānī), victuals; place of drinking water; fortune, lot, destiny.—āb-ḵẖora, s.m. A narrow-mouthed earthen or metal vessel for holding water (syn. kūza); goblet; cup of water:—āb-ḵẖora bharnā, To offer a libation of cups of sherbet or milk.—āb-dār, s.m. The servant who has charge of the drinking water;—adj. Polished, bright; of a good water (as gems); well-tempered (as steel, &c.); sharp (as a sword. &c.); pure, clean, white:—āb-dār-ḵẖāna, s.m. The place where drinking water is kept.—āb-dārī, s.f. The office of āb-dār; brilliancy (of gems); lustre, polish; sharpness (of a sword, &c.); purity, clearness, whiteness.—āb-dāna (and āo o dāna), s.m. Water and grain; meat and drink (=dānā-pīnī), food, victuals; means of subsistence, livelihood, employment; lot, fortune, destiny.—āb-dast, s.m. Purificatory washing (such as washing the hands, &c. preparatory to prayer, or before eating, or after an unclean act); ablution; washing oneself after easing nature (this is the common signification of the word in India); a skilful
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