MY SECOND URDU LESSON

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English
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workman (one whose hands turn out clean and polished work,—a rare signification);—adj. Having clean hands, pure, spotless (rare):—āb-dast karnā, To wash or purify (the hands, &c.); to wash oneself after easing nature:—āb-dast lenā, Idem.—āb-i-dandān, s.m. Sharpness and polish of the teeth; weakness, baseness (rare):—āb-dandān, s.m. Watering of the mouth; a species of pear; a species of pomegranate; a kind of delicious sweetmeat;—adj. Weak, vile, (rare).—āb-i-dahān, s.m. Water of the mouth, saliva.—āb-i-dīda, s.m. Water of the eyes, tears:—āb-dīda, adj. & adv. Having tears in the eyes, in tears:—āb-dīda honā, To have tears in the eyes, to shed tears.—āb-rū, s.f. Lit. 'brightness of face'; honour, character, reputation, rank, dignity; grandeur; pride, credit, ornament, show, appearance:—āb-rū utārnā (-kī), To drag down the character or reputation (of), to disgrace, dishonour; to abuse, vilify; to violate the chastity (of), to debauch; to commit an indecent assault (upon):—āb-rū bar-bād denā (-kī), To give one's honour or character to the winds, to sacrifice one's reputation; to destroy the reputation or character (of):—āb-rū bigāṛnā = āb-rū utārnā, q.v.—āb-rū pānā, To obtain rank, dignity, or renown:—āb-rū paidā karnā, Idem:—āb-rū ḥāsil karnā, Idem:—āb-rū ḵẖāk meṅ milānā (-kī), To lay one's honour in the dust; to destroy the character or reputation (of):—āb-rū denī, To pay or do honour (to); to confer rank or dignity (on), to dignify, ennoble, exalt; to sacrifice or lose one's own honour or character:—āb-rū rakhnā, To preserve one's honour or reputation:—āb-rū-rez, s.m. A vilifier, calumniator:—āb-rū-rezī, s.f. Slander, calumny:—āb-rū-kā lāgū honā, To be bent on ruining one's honour, character, or reputation:—āb-rū karnā (-kī), To pay or do honour (to), to treat with respect:—āb-rū ke pīćhe paṛnā (-kī) = āb-rū-kā lāgū honā, q.v.—āb-rū lenā (kī) = āb-rū utārnā, q.v.:—āb-rū meṅ baṭṭā lagnā, To be stained in character or reputation:—āb-rū-meṅ farq ānā or ā-jānā, Idem.—āb-i-ravān, s.m. Lit. 'Running water'; a very fine kind of muslin.—āb-rez, s.m. 'Pouring or sprinkling water'; a watering-pot; a shower-bath.—āb-i-zar, s.m. Water of gold; white wine.—āb-i-zulāl, s.m. Pure, clear, cool water; an infusion.—āb-shār, s.m.f. Water-fall, cascade.—āb-shinās, s.m. One who takes soundings in a ship, lead-man, pilot.—āb-i-shor, s.m. Salt water; sea-water; the sea.—āb-shora, s.m. Water cooled with saltpetre; a sherbet made of lime-juice and sugar (generally cooled), lemonade.—āb-i-ʻashrat, s.m. Wine; semen genitale.—āb-kār, s.m. A water-carrier; sprinkling (rare); a distiller or seller of spirituous liquors; a drinker of spirituous liquors.—āb-kārī, s.f. The business of a distiller; distillery; liquor-shop, tavern; duty on the manufacture and sale of spirituous liquors, excise.—āb-kash, s.m. A drawer of water:—āb-kashī, s.f. The act of drawing or carrying water.—āb-i-kaus̤ar, s.m. The water of the river Kausar, fabled to flow in Paradise with milk and nectar; nectar.—āb-guẕār, s.m. Passage of a river, ford, ferry; an expeditious messenger, courier; an express.—āb-guẕar, s.m. Water-course, channel for water, canal.—āb-i-gosht, s.m.=āb-josh, q.v.—āb-i-gohar, s.m. Lit. 'Water of pearls'; pure, limpid water.—āb-gīr, s.m. Receptacle for water, reservoir, pond, ditch; a weaver's brush.—āb-gīna, s.m. Lit. 'Possessed of lustre or clearness'; mirror, looking-glass; drinking-glass; bottle;—wine; diamond.—āb-i-manī, s.m. Sperma genitale (=manī).—āb-i-nuqra, s.m. Silver reduced to a liquid state; quicksilver.—āb-nai or āb-naë, s.f. The perpendicular tube of a huqqa on which the ćilam is fixed; (in Geography) a strait.—āb-noshī, s.m. Drinking water, (e.g. ćāh-i-āb-noshī).—āb o tāb = āb-tāb, q.v.—āb o dāna=āb-dāna, q.v.—āb o rang, s.m. Lit. 'Water and colour'; beauty; splendour; polish, gloss; joy, pleasure, bliss.—āb o namak, s.m. Lit. 'Water and salt'; sufficiency of water and salt (in a dish); seasoning, condiments; ingredients; savouriness, relish, flavour, taste;—maintenance, support. āb o hawā, s.f. Lit. 'Water and air' (of a place); air, climate.—āb-yār, s.m. Waterer, sprinkler:—āb-yārī, s.f. Watering, sprinkling;—a kind of thin linen cloth; a species of dove.—āb-i-yaḵẖnī, s.m. Water in which meat has been boiled down, broth; gravy (=āb-i-gosht).
ابا abbā

H ابا abbā [A. اب ab], s.m. Father; superior;—a consummate knave.—abbā-jān, abbā-jānī, dear father.
ابا ibā

A ابا ibā, s.m. Denying, refusing; denial:—ibā karnā, v.t. To refuse, deny.
آبا ābā

A آبا ābā, s.m.pl. (of اب ab), Fathers; ancestors:—ābā o ajdād, s.m. Fathers; forefathers, ancestors; family, race; lineage, line.
ابابيل abābīl

A ابابيل abābīl, s.m. A swallow.
اباحت ibāḥat

A اباحت ibāḥat, [v.n. iv of باح], s.f. Giving liberty, permitting; permission.
آباد ābād

P آباد ābād [Z. āvāda; S. आवास], adj. Inhabited, populated, peopled; full of buildings and inhabitants, populous; settled (as a colony or town); cultivated; stored; full; occupied;—city, town (in this sense it commonly occurs as the last member of compounds, e.g. Faiẓābād, Ilāhābād);—flourishing, prosperous; pleasant; happy.—ābād-bashī, s.f. First assessment of newly settled or cultivated land.—ābād-rahnā, To be full, stored, flourishing, prosperous, happy or comfortable.—ābād-kār, s.m. The first settler on waste land.—ābād-karnā, v.t. To make (a place) habitable; to people, settle, found (a colony, &c.); to build and plant; to cultivate; to make (the heart, dil) rejoice, to comfort, rejoice (the heart); to build up (a house or family, ghar), beget (children).—ābād honā, To be full, flourishing, &c. (=ābād rahnā, q.v.); to be occupied (as a house); to have the prospect of issue; to be married.
آبادان ābādān

P آبادان ābādān, adj.=آباد ābād, q.v.
آبادانی ābādānī

P آبادانی ābādānī, s.f. A habitation; a cultivated, populous, or pleasant place; population; cultivation; abundance; prosperity; advancement; civilization; enjoyment, pleasure.
آبادبيشی ābād-beshī: For all compounds having ābād for the first member

P آبادبيشی ābād-beshī: For all compounds having ābād for the first member, v.s.v. آباد ābād.
ابادها अबाधा abādhā

S ابادها अबाधा abādhā, adj. (f. -ī), Unobstructed, unrestrained, unfettered; unoppressed; true; without difficulty; not obstructing, not opposing.
آبادها आबाधा ābādhā

S آبادها आबाधा ābādhā, s.f. Segment of the base of a triangle.
ابادهيہ अबाध्य abādhya

S ابادهيہ अबाध्य abādhya, s.m. A postulate.
آبادي ābādī

P آبادي ābādī, s.f. Inhabited spot or place; colony; population, number of inhabitants; cultivated place; cultivation; the part of a village lands brought under cultivation; increased assessment (=beshī); prosperity; state of comfort; happiness, joy, pleasure.
ابار अबार abār

H ابار अबार abār [S. अवार], s.m. This side, the near bank of a river.
ابار उबार ubār

H ابار उबार ubār (v.n. from next) s.m. Release, deliverance.
ابارنا उबारना ubārnā causal of ابرنا ubarnā

H ابارنا उबारना ubārnā (causal of ابرنا ubarnā) [ubār˚ = Prk. उव्वारे(इ)=S. उद्वारय(ति), caus. of rt. उद्+वृ], v.a. To put by as a surplus or balance; to keep in reserve;—to release, deliver, liberate, set at liberty.
اباك अबाक abāk

H اباك अबाक abāk [अ priv.+वाच्] adj. & adv. Dumb, speechless.
اباك अबाक abāk

H اباك अबाक abāk [S. अव ava+अञ्च anć], adv. Downwards; below, beneath; southwards.
اباکنا उबाकना ubāknā causal of ابکنا ubaknā

H اباکنا उबाकना ubāknā (causal of ابکنا ubaknā), v.t. To vomit, reject.
ابال उबाल ubāl v.n. of ابالنا ubālnā

H ابال उबाल ubāl (v.n. of ابالنا ubālnā), s.m. Ebullition, boiling; swelling with anger or rage; anger, rage, burst of passion:—ubāl ā-jānā, v.n. To commence boiling, get into a state of ebullition:—ubāl denā, v.t. To boil, cause to boil (=ubālnā).
ابالا उबाला ubālā perf. part. of ubālnā

H ابالا उबाला ubālā (perf. part. of ubālnā), part. adj. Lit. 'boiled'; boiled in water simply, unseasoned; bleached, whitened.
ابالنا उबालना ubālnā causal of ابلنا ubalnā

H ابالنا उबालना ubālnā (causal of ابلنا ubalnā), v.t. To boil, to make boil.
آبان ābān

P آبان ābān, s.m. The eighth month of the Persian year.
ابانا उबाना ubānā causal of ابنا ubnā

H ابانا उबाना ubānā (causal of ابنا ubnā), v.t. To sow, plant; to cause to germinate, cause to grow; to fructify:—ubā denā, Idem.
آبائي ābāʼī from ābā, q.v.

A آبائي ābāʼī (from ābā, q.v.), adj. Belonging to or descending from one's ancestors, paternal.
اببادي अबिबादी abibādī,=اووادي avivādī

H اببادي अबिबादी abibādī,=اووادي avivādī, q.v.
آب باران āb-i-bārān. For compounds having āb for the first member

P آب باران āb-i-bārān. For compounds having āb for the first member v.s.v. آب āb.
اببهاگ अबभाग ababhāg

H اببهاگ अबभाग ababhāg [S. अव+भाग], s.m. Adverse fortune; misfortune, ill-luck.
اب بهي अब भी ab-bhī. For compounds having ab for the first member

H اب بهي अब भी ab-bhī. For compounds having ab for the first member v.s.v. اب ab.
اببيك अबिबेक abibek = اوويك avivek

H اببيك अबिबेक abibek = اوويك avivek, q.v.
اببيکتا अबिबेकता abibekatā = اوويکتا avivekatā

H اببيکتا अबिबेकता abibekatā = اوويکتا avivekatā, q.v.
اببيکي अबिबेकी abibekī = اوويکي avivekī

H اببيکي अबिबेकी abibekī = اوويکي avivekī, q.v.
ابتدا ibtidā

A ابتدا ibtidā [v.n. viii of بداء], s.f. Beginning, commencement, exordium; birth, rise, source, origin.—ibtidā-se, adv. From the beginning, ab initio:—ibtiaā karnā, v.t. To begin, commence, originate:—ibtidā-meṅ, adv. In the beginning, at first, originally.
ابتداءً ibtidāʼaṉ

A ابتداءً ibtidāʼaṉ (Ar. acc. of the preceding), adv. In the beginning, at first; firstly, in the first place.
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MY FIRST URDU LESSON

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ا a, the first letter of the Arabic, Persian, and Urdū alphabets. Its pronunciation depends on the vowel which accompanies it; e.g. ا with fatḥa (اَ)=the Devanāgarī अ = the English a, as in cedar (or =the English u in fun); ا with kasra (اِ)=the Devanāgarī इ=the English i, as in fin; ا with ẓamma (اُ)=the Devanāgarī उ=the English u, as in bull.—ا with fatḥa, followed by ا, (i.e. اَا, which is usually written آ)=the Devanāgarī आ=the English ā, as in father; ا with fatḥa, followed by the letter و, (i.e. اَو)=the Devanāgarī औ=the English au (sounded like ou in house); ا with fatḥa, followed by the letter ي, (i.e. اَي),=the Devanāgarī ऐ=the English ai, as in aisle.—ا with ẓamma, followed by the letter و, (i.e. اُو),=1˚, the Devanāgarī ऊ=the English u, as in rule (or=the oo in pool), and, 2˚, =the Devanāgarī ओ=the English o, as in pole.—ا with kasra, followed by ي, (i.e. اِي), = 1˚, the Devanāgarī ई=the English ī, as in caprice; and, 2˚, =the Devanāgarī ए=the French e, as in fête.
ا is used,— 1˚ (arithmetically, according to the Abjad, q.v.) for the number one. 2˚ (for अ, in Almanacks and Astrology) for Sunday, and Aries. 3˚ (for अ) as a name of the god Vishnu. 4˚ as an inseparable prefix to a word beginning with a consonant, to signify negation or privation: e.g. aśuddha, 'impure,' 'incorrect.' As in Greek, a becomes an before a vowel; e.g. ananta, 'without end,' 'endless.' اب अब ab, prob. formed by analogy after jab, tab, c. q.v.

H اب अब ab, (prob. formed by analogy after jab, tab, &c. q.v.), adv. Now, presently, just now, now-a-days, a little while ago, recently.—ab-bhī, adv. Even now, yet, as yet, still.—ab-tab, adv. Now and then, presently, very shortly:—ab-tab karna, To put off continually, to delay; to evade, shuffle:—ab-tab hona, To be in a dying state, to be at the point of death.—ab-tak and ab-talak, adv. Up to the present time, till now; as yet, hitherto; all this time.—ab-taʼīṅ, ab-torī, ab-toṛī, ab-teṅ = ab-tak, q.v.—ab-se, adv. From this time, henceforth, henceforward, in future, hence:—ab-se dūr, Far be it from us! Heaven preserve us! Avaunt! (The phrase is generally used—especially by women—to deprecate the recurrence of a past misfortune).—ab-kā, adj. (f. -kī). Of the present; for the present; this, the present; the next, the following, the coming; new, fresh:—ab-ke, adv. This time, the next time:—ab-kībār, Idem.—ab-lag, ab-loṅ, ab-le, ab-leṅ, adv.=ab-tak, q.v.—ab-na-tab, adv. Neither now nor then; neither here (on earth) nor in the world to come; nowhere; never.—ab-hī, adv. Just now, this very moment, instantly, immediately; already.
اب ab originally ابو

A اب ab (originally ابو), s.m. Father. (Rare.)
اب इब ib

S اب इब ib [S. इव iva], adv. Thus, as, in like manner.
آب āb

P آب āb [Old P. āw, Pehl. āp, Zend ap, S. -अप्] s.m. Water; water or lustre (in gems); temper (of steel, &c.); edge or sharpness (of a sword, &c.); sparkle, lustre; splendour; elegance; dignity, honour, character, reputation.—āb-āb honā, To be drenched with perspiration; to be thoroughly ashamed or abashed; to blush.—īb-utarnā, To lose lustre or polish, become dull; to rade; to lose honour, be disgraced.—āb-bigaṛnā = āb utarnā.—āb-i-bārān, s.m. Rain-water.—āb-bāzī, s.f. Play or sport in water; swimming.—āb-i-basta, s.m. Ice; glass.—āb-pāshī, s.f. Sprinkling water; watering fields, &c.; irrigation.—āb-tāb (and āb o tāb), s.f. Brightness, brilliance, lustre, splendour; dignity, grandeur, majesty, glory, pomp:—āb o tāb denā (-ko), To impart lustre (to); to glorify, praise, honour.—āb-tāba, s.m. An ewer with a spout, a jug.—āb-i-jārī, s.m. Running water, stream, rivulet; tears running down the cheeks.—āb jānā = āb utarnā, q.v.—āb-i-ioë, s.m. Water of a rivulet.—āb-jo, s.f. Rivulet, steamlet.—āb-josh, s.m. Juice of cooked meat, broth, soup, gravy.—āb ćaṛhānā (-par), To cause lustre to come (upon), to give brightness (to), to make bright, burnish, polish; to temper (steel, &c.); to whet, sharpen (a sword, &c.).—āb-i-ćashm, s.m. Water of the eyes, tears.—āb-ćashī, s.f. Giving an infant water to drink for the first time (generally when about six months old) preparatory to weaning.—āb-i-haram, s.m. Unclean or forbiddea water; wine; hypocritical tears.—āb-i-ḥasrat, s.m. Water of desire; wish, louging, appetite.—āb-i-ḥayāt, s.m. Water of life; immortality; fountain of life; a fabulous fountain (said to be veiled in obscurity); inspired knowledge (=āb-i-ḵẖiẓr); clear, cold, sweet water; drinking water used by a king.—āb-i-ḥaiwān, s.m.=āb-i-haiyāt, q.v.—āb-ḵẖāna, s.m. Place where drinking water is kept, repository of water; reservoir.—āb-ḵẖāst, s.m. Melon, cucumber.—āb-i-ḵẖiẓr, s.m. Water of life, &c.; inspired knowledge (see āb-i-haiyāt, and also ḵẖiẓr).—āb-ḵẖur and āb-ḵẖurd, s.m. Drinking; meat and drink (=āb-dāna and dānā-pānī), victuals; place of drinking water; fortune, lot, destiny.—āb-ḵẖora, s.m. A narrow-mouthed earthen or metal vessel for holding water (syn. kūza); goblet; cup of water:—āb-ḵẖora bharnā, To offer a libation of cups of sherbet or milk.—āb-dār, s.m. The servant who has charge of the drinking water;—adj. Polished, bright; of a good water (as gems); well-tempered (as steel, &c.); sharp (as a sword. &c.); pure, clean, white:—āb-dār-ḵẖāna, s.m. The place where drinking water is kept.—āb-dārī, s.f. The office of āb-dār; brilliancy (of gems); lustre, polish; sharpness (of a sword, &c.); purity, clearness, whiteness.—āb-dāna (and āo o dāna), s.m. Water and grain; meat and drink (=dānā-pīnī), food, victuals; means of subsistence, livelihood, employment; lot, fortune, destiny.—āb-dast, s.m. Purificatory washing (such as washing the hands, &c. preparatory to prayer, or before eating, or after an unclean act); ablution; washing oneself after easing nature (this is the common signification of the word in India); a skilful